For every alleged parallel idea between John and gnosticism or Hellenism, there is a more sensible one in Judaism in its own conceptual context—the Jewish Bible. If there are shared conceptual similarities between John and Qumran, these similarities do not go any further than the same pool into which they both reached for their ideas—Israel’s Scriptures.8 Saeed Hamid-Khani’s assertion is indeed correct when it comes to looking for influences on the Fourth Gospel. And
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